Excitation of eigenwaves of a layered superconductor of cylindrical configuration by an electron beam
DOI (Low Temperature Physics):
https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0043964Ключові слова:
Layered superconductor, hybrid waves, pseudosurface waves, electron beam, Vavilov–Cherenkov effect, anomalous Doppler effectАнотація
Теоретично досліджено нестійкість нерелятивістського тонкого трубчастого електронного пучка, що поширюється у вакуумі над циліндричним шаруватим надпровідником. Кристалографічна вісь c надпровідника спрямована вздовж осі циліндра. Аналіз спектрів власних хвиль показав, що для ненульових азимутальних індексів мод власні хвилі є гібридними, утвореними внаслідок суперпозиції звичайної та незвичайної джозефсонівських плазмових хвиль. Передбачено існування нового типу хвилі, який отримав назву гібридної псевдоповерхневої джозефсонівської плазмової хвилі, і показано, що саме ця мода може існувати в певному частотному діапазоні вище джозефсонівської плазмової частоти. Встановлено, що на джозефсонівській плазмовій частоті відбувається трансформація спектра, під час якої гібридні поверхневі джозефсонівські плазмові хвилі перетворюються на відповідні псевдоповерхневі моди. Досліджено поляризацію власних мод, яка демонструє перехід від лінійної та кругової поляризації для поверхневих мод поблизу вакуумної світлової лінії до еліптичної поляризації псевдоповерхневих мод у загальному випадку за більших поздовжніх хвильових чисел. Аналіз приросту нестійкості, зумовленого як ефектом Вавілова–Черенкова, так і аномальним ефектом Доплера, вказує на те, що механізм Вавілова–Черенкова забезпечує найбільший приріст нестійкості. Отримані результати свідчать, що використання шаруватих надпровідників як сповільнювальних структур є новим підходом до розробки джерел ТГц-випромінювання, який має такі переваги, як нижчі омічні втрати, динамічне налаштування частоти та простіша геометрія.
Посилання
1. K. M. S. Huq, S. A. Busari, J. Rodriguez, V. Frascolla, W. Bazzi, and D. C. Sicker, “Terahertz-enabled wireless system for beyond-5G ultra-fast networks: A brief survey,” IEEE Network 33, 89 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2019.1800430
2. E. Bründermann, J. L. Steinmann, I. Morohashi, S. Nakajima, S. Saito, N. Sekine, A.-S. Müller, and I. Hosako, “Terahertz diagnostics at accelerators using radio frequency-driven frequency combs based on telecommunication technology,” in 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) (IEEE, 2019),
pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8874150
3. C. Chaccour, M. N. Soorki, W. Saad, M. Bennis, P. Popovski, and M. Debbah, “Seven defining features of terahertz (THz) communication: A fellowship of communication and sensing,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24, 967 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3143454
4. M. H. Bergen, S. N. Lowry, M. E. Mitchell, M. F. Jenne, C. M. Collier, and J. F. Holzman, “Terahertz wireless communication systems: Challenges and solutions for realizations of effective bidirectional links,” Optics Contin. 2, 2154 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.500014
5. S. Shi, S. Yuan, J. Zhou, and P. Jiang, “Terahertz technology and its applications in head and neck diseases,” Science 26, 107060 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107060
6. H. Wang, L. Xie, A. Albo, Y. Ying, and W. Xu, “Recent advances in terahertz biosensing: From materials and techniques to applications,” TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 176, 117917 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117917
7. S. Magori, K. Ogura, T. Iwasaki, J. Kojima, K. Yambe, S. Kubo, T. Shimozuma, S. Kobayashi, and K. Okada, “Experimental study on G-band oversized backward wave oscillator driven by weakly relativistic electron beam,” Plasma Fusion Res. 9, 3406032 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.9.3406032
8. M. T. San, K. Ogura, K. Yambe, Y. Annaka, S. Gong, J. Kawamura, T. Miura, S. Kubo, T. Shimozuma, S. Kobayashi, and K. Okada, “Experimental study on wband (75–110 GHz) oversized surface wave oscillator driven by weakly relativistic electron beams,” Plasma Fusion Res. 11, 2406085 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.11.2406085
9. J. Wang, G. Wang, D. Wang, S. Li, and P. Zeng, “A megawatt-level surface wave oscillator in Y-band with large oversized structure driven by annular relativistic electron beam,” Sci. Rep. 8, 6978 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25466-w
10. D. Gamzina, X. Li, C. Hurd, Y. Tang, X. Huang, Y. Zheng, L. Himes, M. Gonzalez, H. Li, P. Pan, R. Letizia, J. Feng, N. C. Luhmann, Jr., and C. Paoloni, “Backward wave oscillator for high power generation at thz frequencies,” in Proc. SPIE 10383, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications VIII (SPIE, 2017), p. 1038303.
11. Q. Chen, X. Yuan, M. T. Cole, Y. Zhang, L. Meng, and Y. Yan, “Theoretical study of a 0.22 THz backward wave oscillator based on a dual-gridded, carbon-nanotube cold cathode,” Appl. Sci. 8, 2462 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122462
12. F. Asadiamiri, J. Ali, M. Bahadoran, K. Chaudhary, P. P. Yupapin, M. Nejati, and A. R. Niknam, “Erahertz cherenkov radiation excited by an electron beam in a cylindrical metallic rippled-wall waveguide,” Optik 208, 164127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164127
13. K. Ogura, Y. Annaka, Y. Hoshi, and T. Takahashi, “Spoof-plasmon instability in terahertz region excited by magnetized electron beam,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 49, 40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2020.3011469
14. I. Onishchenko, D. Sidorenko, and G. Sotnikov, “Electron beam interaction with a plasma-filled rippled coaxial waveguide,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 21, 670 (1995).
15. Y. O. Averkov, “Transition radiation by an electron bunch that crosses the vacuum/left-handed material interface,” Telecommun. Radio Eng. 63, 419 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v63.i5.50
16. Y. O. Averkov, A. V. Kats, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Electron beam excitation of left-handed surface electromagnetic waves at artificial interfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 79, 193402 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.193402
17. V. A. Buts, A. N. Lebedev, and V. I. Kurilko, The Theory of Coherent Radiation by Intense Electron Beams (Springer, Berlin, 2006).
18. Y. O. Averkov and V. M. Yakovenko, “Surface electromagnetic waves at an anisotropically conducting artificial interface,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 045427 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.045427
19. Z. Zhang, A. S. Fisher, M. C. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, P. S. Kirchmann, W.-S. Lee, A. Lindenberg, A. Marinelli, E. Nanni, R. Schoenlein, M. Qian, S. Sasaki, J. Xu, and Z. Huang, “A high-power, high-repetition-rate THz source for pump–probe experiments at linac coherent light source II,” J. Synchrotron Radiat. 27, 1099 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577520005147
20. Y. Kang, R. Wang, W. Chen, L. Tu, K. Zhang, and C. Feng, “A strong-field THz light source based on coherent transition radiation,” Front. Phys. 11, 1252725 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1252725
21. D. N. Gupta, V. V. Kulagin, and H. Suk, “Terahertz radiation emission from plasma beat-wave interactions with a relativistic electron beam,” Optics Commun. 401, 71 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.05.043
22. Q. Zhou, S. Yang, J. Xu, W. Zhang, C. Tang, Z. Duan, and Y. Gong, “Thz electromagnetic radiation driven by intense relativistic electron beam based on ion focus regime,” Phys. Plasmas 23, 063107 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953422
23. D. N. Gupta, M. C. Gurjar, and A. Jain, “Terahertz generation by a rotating relativistic electron beam in a magnetized plasma column,” J. Plasma Phys. 89, 905890410 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377823000685
24. S. Singh, S. K. Meena, A. Tyagi, S. Kumar, M. R. Meena, and S. K. Saini, “Studies of terahertz sources and their applications,” in Intelligent Electronics and Circuits—Terahertz, ITS, and Beyond, edited by M. Niu (IntechOpen, 2022).
25. R. A. Lewis, “A review of terahertz sources,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47, 374001 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/37/374001
26. P. L. Kramer, M. K. R. Windeler, K. Mecseki, E. G. Champenois, M. C. Hoffmann, and F. Tavella, “Enabling high repetition rate nonlinear THz science with a kilowatt-class sub-100 fs laser source,” Opt. Express 28, 16951 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.389653
27. L. Djevahirdjian, L. Lechevallier, M.-A. Martin-Drumel, O. Pirali, G. Ducournau, R. Kassi, and S. Kassi, “Frequency stable and low phase noise THz synthesis for precision spectroscopy,” Nat. Commun. 14, 7162 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42905-z
28. L. Tan, D. Wang, and K.-D. Xu, “Terahertz metamaterials for spectrum modulation: Structural design, materials and applications,” Mater. Des. 244, 113217 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113217
29. Z. Ren, Y. Hu, W. He, S. Hu, S. Wan, Z. Yu, W. Liu, Q. Yang, Y. S. Kivshar, and T. Jiang, “Terahertz metamaterials inspired by quantum phenomena,” Research 8, 0597 (2025). https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0597
30. G. R. Keiser, N. Karl, P. Q. Liu, C. Tulloss, H.-T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, I. Brener, J. L. Reno, and D. M. Mittleman, “Nonlinear terahertz metamaterials with active electrical control,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 121101 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4990671
31. T. Miyamoto, A. Kondo, T. Inaba, T. Morimoto, S. You, and H. Okamoto, “Terahertz radiation by quantum interference of excitons in a one-dimensional mott insulator,” Nature Commun. 14, 6229 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41463-8
32. S. Savel’ev, V. A. Yampol’skii, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Terahertz josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors: Spectrum, generation, nonlinear and quantum phenomena,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 026501 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/73/2/026501
33. T. M. Slipchenko, D. V. Kadygrob, D. Bogdanis, V. A. Yampol’skii, and A. A. Krokhin, “Surface and waveguide josephson plasma waves in slabs of layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 84, 224512 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.224512
34. S. I. Khankina, V. M. Yakovenko, and V. A. Yampol’skii, “Josephson plasma oscillations in confined layered superconductors,” Low Temp. Phys. 38, 193 (2012) [Fiz. Nyzk. Temp. 38, 245 (2012)]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3691528
35. Y. O. Averkov, V. M. Yakovenko, V. A. Yampol’skii, and F. Nori, “Conversion of terahertzwave polarization at the boundary of a layered superconductor due to the resonance excitation of oblique surfacewaves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 027005 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.027005
36. S. S. Apostolov, Z. A. Maizelis, N. M. Makarov, F. Pérez Rodríguez, T. N. Rokhmanova, and V. A. Yampol’skii, “Transmission of terahertz waves through layered superconductors controlled by a dc magnetic field,” Phys. Rev. B 94, 024513 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.024513
37. N. Kvitka, S. S. Apostolov, N. M. Makarov, T. Rokhmanova, A. A. Shmat’ko, and V. A. Yampol’skii, “Resonant transparency of a layered superconductor: Hyperbolic material in the terahertz range tuned by dc magnetic field,” Phys. Rev. B 103, 104512 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.104512
38. S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, V. A. Yampol’skii, and F. Nori, “Analogues of nonlinear optics using terahertz josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors,” Nature Phys. 2, 521 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys358
39. J. Fiore, N. Sellati, F. Gabriele, C. Castellani, G. Seibold, M. Udina, and L. Benfatto, “Investigating josephson plasmons in layered cuprates via nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B 110, L060504 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.110.L060504
40. S. Kalhor, S. Savel’ev, and K. Delfanazari, “Engineering ultrastrong coupling between josephson plasmon polaritons and subwavelength microcavity arrays in silicon/van der waals layered superconductor heterostructure for terahertz hybrid circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. B 106, 245140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.245140
41. Y. O. Averkov, V. M. Yakovenko, V. A. Yampol’skii, and F. Nori, “Terahertz transition radiation of bulk and surface electromagnetic waves by an electron entering a layered superconductor,” Phys. Rev. B 89, 094506 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.094506
42. T. N. Rokhmanova, S. S. Apostolov, Z. A. Maizelis, V. A. Yampol’skii, and F. Nori, “Self-induced terahertz-wave transmissivity of waveguides with finite-length layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 88, 014506 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.014506
43. T. N. Rokhmanova, S. S. Apostolov, Z. A. Maizelis, V. A. Yampol’skii, and F. Nori, “Superposition principle for nonlinear josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 90, 184503 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.184503
44. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Interaction of a flow of charged particles with eigenmodes of a dielectric cylinder,” Telecommun. Radio Eng. 76, 1595 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v76.i18.20
45. Y. O. Averkov, O. Y. Averkov, E. N. Odarenko, A. A. Shmat’ko, and V. A. Yampol’skii, “Nonlinear phenomena in the josephson plasma vibrations and in the propagation of josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors of cylindrical configuration,” Low Temp. Phys. 51, 671 (2025) [Fiz. Nyzk. Temp. 51, 751 (2025)]. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0036613
46. V. A. Balakirev, I. N. Onishchenko, D. Y. Sidorenko, and G. V. Sotnikov, “Excitation of a wake field by a relativistic electron bunch in a semi-infinite dielectric waveguide,” J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 93, 33 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1391517
47. G. V. Sotnikov, I. N. Onishchenko, and T. C. Marshall, “3D analysis of wake field excitation in a dielectric loaded rectangular resonator,” AIP Confer. Proc. 877, 888 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2409230
48. K. V. Galaydych, Y. F. Lonin, A. G. Ponomarev, Y. V. Prokopenko, and G. V. Sotnikov, “Mathematical model of an excitation by electron beam of “whispering gallery” modes in cylindrical dielectric resonator,” Probl. At. Sci. Technol., Ser. Plasma Phys. 6(16), 123 (2010).
49. A. V. Dormidontov, A. Y. Kirichenko, Y. F. Lonin, A. G. Ponomarev, Y. V. Prokopenko, G. V. Sotnikov, V. Uvarov, and Y. F. Filippov, “Auto-oscillatory system based on dielectric resonator with whispering-gallery modes,” Tech. Phys. Lett. 38, 85 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106378501201021X
50. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Interaction between a tubular beam of charged particles and an anisotropic dispersive solid-state cylinder,” Probl. At. Sci. Technol., Ser. Plasma Electron. New Methods Accel. 4(116), 3 (2018).
51. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Nonlinear stabilization of resistive instability of a tubular charged particle beam moving above a solid-state plasma cylinder,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 45, 565 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X19060011
52. V. A. Balakirev, V. I. Karas, and G. V. Sotnikov, “Wakefield excitation by a relativistic electron bunch in a magnetized plasma,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 26, 889 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1316829
53. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Waves of a magnetoplasma solid-state cylinder under quasi-stationary conditions,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 49, 3078 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2021.3113117
54. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Interaction of a tubular charged-particle beam with eigenwaves of a plasma solid-state cylinder located in strong longitudinal magnetic field,” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 56, 015202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/acb024
55. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, V. M. Yakovenko, and V. A. Yampol’skii, “Manifestation of the aharonov–bohm effect in the interaction of moving charges with a semiconductor nanotube with dielectric filling,” Phys. Rev. B 108, 075420 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.075420
56. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999).
57. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, edited by M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 1964).
58. A. S. Gilmour, Jr., Microwave Tubes (Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1986).
59. A. Y. Kirichenko, Y. V. Prokopenko, Y. F. Filippov, and N. T. Cherpak, Quasi-optical Solid-State Resonators (Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 2008) [in Ukrainian].
60. Y. O. Averkov, Y. V. Prokopenko, and V. M. Yakovenko, “Eigenwave spectra of an anisotropic cylindrical solidstate waveguide,” Tech. Phys. 64, 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784219010055
61. Y.-M. Shin, J.-K. So, K.-H. Jang, J.-H. Won, A. Srivastava, and G.-S. Park, “Superradiant terahertz smith- purcell radiation from surface plasmon excited by counterstreaming electron beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 031502 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2432270
62. J.-I. Kim, S.-G. Jeon, G.-J. Kim, and J. Kim, “Enhancement of terahertz radiation in a smith–purcell backwardwave oscillator by an inverse wet-etched grating,” Phys. Lett. A 375, 589 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2010.11.067
63. H. L. Andrews, C. A. Brau, J. D. Jarvis, C. F. Guertin, A. O’Donnell, B. Durant, T. H. Lowell, and M. R. Mross, “Further observations of evanescent waves in a smithpurcell free-electron laser,” in Proceedings of the 31st International Free-Electron Laser Conference (FEL09), Liverpool, UK (JACoW, 2009) http://www.jacow.org, p. 443.
64. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New York, 2012).
65. R. F. Harrington, Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields (Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2001).https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470546710
