Development of a technology for manufacturing a heat-shielding structure on nitrogen cryocontainers, excluding heat transfer through gas

Анотація

One of the important stages in the creation of the scientific and technical foundations for the calculation, design and manufacturing technology of the lowest heat-conductivity thermal protection from screen-vacuum thermal insulation (SVTI) is the development of a process for achieving the optimal vacuum Р0 ≤ 10–3 Pa in the SVTI layers, since at this pressure, thermal conductivity (λ_eff) through the SVTI is carried out only due to the radiant (λ_rad) and contact-conductive (λ_k.k) components. It is proposed to obtain such a pressure in thermal insulation by using cushioning material in it, which was previously degassed in a separate vacuum chamber at 370–380 K for 12 h in order to remove water molecules from its structure and then replace them with nitrogen molecules. These molecules have 3–4 times less heat of adsorption; therefore they are pumped out faster. As a result, it becomes possible to accelerate (by ~ 20 h) to achieve optimal vacuum in thermal insulation, as well as 11% lower effective thermal conductivity [equal to (14.1–14.3)∙10–5 W/(m∙K)]. The analysis carried out (according to the developed methodology) showed that the achieved optimal effective thermal conductivity of thermal insulation in a cryocontainers is determined by 33% of radiant thermal conductivity [4.7∙10–5 W/(m∙K)] and 67% of the contactconductive component [9.4∙10–5 W/(m∙K)].