Spintronics of antiferromagnetic systems

Spintronics of antiferromagnetics is a new field that has developed in a fascinating research topic in physics of magnetism. Antiferromagnetics, like ferromagnetic materials experience the influence of spin-polarized current, even though they show no macroscopic magnetization. The mechanism of this phenomenon is related to spin-dependent interaction between free and localized electrons–sd-exchange. Due to the peculiarities of antiferromagnetic materials (complicated magnetic structure, essential role of the exchange interactions, lack of macroscopic magnetization) spintronics of antiferromagnets appeals to new theoretical and experimental approaches. The purpose of this review is to systemize and summarize the recent progress in this field. We start with a short introduction into the structure and dynamics of antiferromagnets and proceed with discussion of different microscopic and phenomenological theories for description of currernt-induced phenomena in ferro-/antiferromagnetic heterostructures. We also consider the problems of the reverse influence of antiferromagnetic ordering on current, and effectiveness of the fully antiferromagnetic spin valve. In addition, we shortly review and interpret the available experimental results.

PACS: 75.76.+j Spin transport effects;
PACS: 75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics;
PACS: 75.78.–n Magnetization dynamics;
PACS: 75.78.Fg Dynamics of domain structures.

Key words: antiferromagnetic, magnetization dynamics, spin-polarized current, spin-dependendent interaction.

References

1. F. Saurenbach, U. Walz, L. Hinchey, P. Grunberg, and W. Zinn, J. Appl. Phys. 63, 3473 (1988). CrossRef Google Scholar

2. M. N. Baibich, J. M. Broto, A. Fert, F. N. Van Dau, F. Petroff, P. Eitenne, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich, and J. Chazelas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2472 (1988). CrossRef Google Scholar

3. J. C. Slonczewski, Phys. Rev. B 39, 6995 (1989). CrossRef Google Scholar

4. L. Berger, Phys. Rev. B 54, 9353 (1996). CrossRef Google Scholar

5. A. Slavin and V. Tiberkevich, IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 1875 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

6. A. Pogorily, S. Ryabchenko, and A. Tovstolytkin, Ukr. J. Phys. Rev. 6, 37 (2010). Google Scholar

7. A. Brataas, A. D. Kent, and H. Ohno, Nature Mater. 11, 372 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

8. S. Loth, S. Baumann, C. P. Lutz, D. M. Eigler, and A. J. Heinrich, Science 335, 196 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

9. M. Menzel, Y. Mokrousov, R. Wieser, J. E. Bickel, E. Vedmedenko, S. Blügel, S. Heinze, K. von Bergmann, A. Kubetzka, and R. Wiesendanger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 197204 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

10. M. Fiebig, N. Duong, T. C. Satoh, B. Van Aken, K. Miyano, Y. Tomioka, and Y. Tokura, J. Phys. D 41, 185411 (2008). Google Scholar

11. F. Maca, J. Masek, O. Stelmakhovych, X. Marti, H. Reichlova, K. Uhlirova, P. Beran, P. Wadley, V. Novak, and T. Jungwirth, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 1606 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

12. X. Hu, Adv. Mater. 24, 294 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

13. A. Nunez, R. Duine, P. Haney, and A. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 73, 214426 (2006). CrossRef Google Scholar

14. R. A. Duine, P. M. Haney, A. S. Nunez, and A. H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 75, 014433 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

15. P. M. Haney, D. Waldron, R. A. Duine, A. S. Nunez, H. Guo, and A. H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174428 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

16. H. Gomonay and V. Loktev, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 32, 535 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

17. E. V. Gomonay and V. M. Loktev, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 34, 256 (2008) E. V. Gomonay and V. M. Loktev, [Low Temp. Phys. 34, 198 (2008)]. CrossRef Google Scholar

18. H. V. Gomonay and V. M. Loktev, Phys. Rev. B 81, 144427 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

19. Z. Wei, A. Sharma, A. S. Nunez, P. M. Haney, R. A. Duine, J. Bass, A. H. MacDonald, and M. Tsoi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 116603 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

20. S. Urazhdin and N. Anthony, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 046602 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

21. J. Basset, A. Sharma, Z. Wei, J. Bass, and M. Tsoi, Proc. SPIE 7036, 703605 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

22. Z. Wei, A. Sharma, J. Bass, and M. Tsoi, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 07D113 (2009). Scitation Google Scholar

23. X.-L. Tang, H.-W. Zhang, H. Su, Z.-Y. Zhong, and Y.-L. Jing, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 122504 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

24. X. Tang, H.-W. Zhang, H. Sua, Y.-L. Jing, and Z.-Y. Zhong, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 1851 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

25. X.-L. Tang, H.-W. Zhang, H. Su, Y.-L. Jing, and Z.-Y. Zhong, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 073906 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

26. X.-L. Tang, H. W. Zhang, H. Su, Y.-L. Jing, Z.-Y. Zhong, F. M. Bai, and S. Jian, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 07D106 (2009). Scitation Google Scholar

27. X. L. Tang, H. W. Zhang, H. Su, Y. L. Jing, and Z. Y. Zhong, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 073914 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

28. N. V. Dai, N. C. Thuan, L. V. Hong, N. X. Phuc, Y. P. Lee, S. A. Wolf, and D. N. H. Nam, Phys. Rev. B 77, 132406 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

29. X. L. Tang, H. W. Zhang, H. Su, Y. L. Jing, and Z. Y. Zhong, Phys. Rev. B 81, 052401 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

30. X. Tang, H. Su, H. W. Zhang, Y. L. Jing, and Z. Y. Zhong, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 073916 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

31. R. K. Kummamuru and Y. A. Soh, Nature 452, 859 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

32. Y. Soh and R. Kummamuru, Philos. Transact. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 369, 3646 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

33. H. V. Gomonay, R. V. Kunitsyn, and V. M. Loktev, Phys. Rev. B 85, 134446 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

34. Y. V. Gulyaev, P. E. Zilberman, and E. M. Epshtein, e-print arXiv:1011.4303. CrossRef Google Scholar

35. Y. Gulyaev, P. Zilberman, and E. Epshtein, J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 56, 864 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

36. Y. Gulyaev, P. Zilberman, and E. Epshtein, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 114, 296 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

37. Y. Gulyaev, P. Zilberman, and E. Epshtein, J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 57, 506 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

38. K. M. D. Hals, Y. Tserkovnyak, and A. Brataas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 107206 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

39. E. G. Tveten, A. Qaiumzadeh, O. A. Tretiakov, and A. Brataas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 127208 (2013). CrossRef Google Scholar

40. H. Gomonay and V. Loktev, e-print arXiv:1305.6734. CrossRef Google Scholar

41. P. M. Haney, “ Spintronics in ferromagnets and antiferromagnets from first principles,” Doctor of Philosophy (The University of Texas at Austin, 2007). Google Scholar

42. A. MacDonald and M. Tsoi, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A 369, 3098 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

43. J. Slonczewski, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159, L1 (1996). CrossRef Google Scholar

44. M. D. Stiles, J. Xiao, and A. Zangwill, Phys. Rev. B 69, 054408 (2004). CrossRef Google Scholar

45. H. V. Gomonay, S. V. Kondovych, and V. M. Loktev, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 38, 801 (2012) H. V. Gomonay, S. V. Kondovych, and V. M. Loktev, [Low Temp. Phys. 38, 633 (2012)]. CrossRef Google Scholar

46. S. Zhang and Z. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 127204 (2004). CrossRef Google Scholar

47. A. Brataas, Y. Tserkovnyak, G. E. W. Bauer, and P. J. Kelly, e-print arXiv:1108.0385. CrossRef Google Scholar

48. E. Fawcett, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 209 (1988). CrossRef Google Scholar

49. A. F. Andreev and V. I. Marchenko, Phys. Usp. 23, 21 (1980). Google Scholar

50. I. Bar'yakthar and B. Ivanov, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 5, 759 (1979) I. Bar'yakthar and B. Ivanov, [Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 5, 361 (1979)]. Google Scholar

51. I. Bar'yakhtar and B. Ivanov, Solid State Commun. 34, 545 (1980). CrossRef Google Scholar

52. E. A. Turov, A. V. Kolchanov, V. V. Men'shenin, I. F. Mirzaev, and V. V. Nikolaev, Simmetria i Fizicheskie Svoistva Antiferromagnetikov (Fizmatlit, Moscow, 2001) [The Symmetry and Physical Properties of Antiferromagnets]. Google Scholar

53. P. M. Haney and A. H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 196801 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

54. P. Haney, R. Duine, A. S. Nunez, and A. MacDonald, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320, 1300 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

55. V. D. Buchel'nikov, N. K. Dan'shin, L. T. Tsymbal, and V. G. Shavrov, Phys. Usp. 42, 957 (1999). CrossRef Google Scholar

56. V. Buchelnikov, D. Dolgushin, and I. Bychkov, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305, 470 (2006). CrossRef Google Scholar

57. V. G. Bar'yakhtar, JETP 60, 863 (1984). Google Scholar

58. V. Bar'yakthar, in Frontiers in Magnetism of Reduced Dimension Systems, NATO ASI Series, edited by V. Bar'yakthar, P. Wigen, and N. Lesnik (Springer, Netherlands, 1998) Vol. 49, p. 63. Google Scholar

59. V. Bar'yakhtar, V. Butrim, A. Kolezhuk, and B. Ivanov, Phys. Rev. B 87, 22 (2013). Google Scholar

60. B. A. lvanov and D. D. Sheka, Sov. JETP 80, 907 (1995). Google Scholar

61. A. Kirilyuk, A. V. Kimel, and T. Rasing, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2731 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

62. J. Linder, Phys. Rev. B 84, 094404 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

63. P. Biagioni, A. Montano, and M. Finazzi, Phys. Rev. B 80, 235135 (2009). Google Scholar

64. W. H. Meiklejohn and C. P. Bean, Phys. Rev. 102, 1413 (1956). CrossRef Google Scholar

65. W. H. Meiklejohn and C. P. Bea, Phys. Rev. 105, 904 (1957). CrossRef Google Scholar

66. N. C. Koon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4865 (1997). CrossRef Google Scholar

67. D. Mauri, H. C. Siegmann, P. S. Bagus, and E. Kay, J. Appl. Phys. 62, 3047 (1987). CrossRef Google Scholar

68. R. D. Shull, A. J. Shapiro, V. S. Gornakov, V. I. Nikitenko, and H. W. Zhao, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8603 (2003). CrossRef Google Scholar

69. C. L. Chien, V. S. Gornakov, V. I. Nikitenko, A. J. Shapiro, and R. D. Shull, Phys. Rev. B 68, 014418 (2003). CrossRef Google Scholar

70. A. Scholl, M. Liberati, E. Arenholz, H. Ohldag, and J. Stöhr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 247201 (2004). CrossRef Google Scholar

71. K. O'Grady, L. Fernandez-Outon, and G. Vallejo-Fernandez, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 883 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

72. X. Mart, B. G. Park, J. Wunderlich, H. Reichlová, Y. Kurosaki, M. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, A. Nishide, J. Hayakawa, H. Takahashi, and T. Jungwirth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 017201 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

73. M. Glinchuk, A. Ragulya, and V. Stephanovich, Nanoferroics, Springer Series in Material Science (Springer, Dordrecht, 2013), Vol. 177. Google Scholar

74. L. Néel and C. R. Hebd, Séan. Acad. Sci. 228, 664 (1949). Google Scholar

75. E. Folven, T. Tybell, A. Scholl, A. Young, S. T. Retterer, Y. Takamura, and J. K. Grepstad, Nano Lett. 10, 4578 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

76. E. Folven, A. Scholl, A. Young, S. T. Retterer, J. E. Boschker, T. Tybell, Y. Takamura, and J. K. Grepstad, Phys. Rev. B 84, 220410 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

77. E. Folven, A. Scholl, S. T. Young, A. Retterer, J. E. Boschker, T. Tybell, Y. Takamura, and J. K. Grepstad, Nano Lett. 12, 2386 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

78. H. V. Gomonay and V. M. Loktev, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174439 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

79. H. V. Gomonay, I. G. Kornienko, and V. M. Loktev, Phys. Rev. B 83, 054424 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

80. H. Gomonay, I. Kornienko, and V. Loktev, Condens. Matter Phys. 13, 23701 (2010). CrossRef Google Scholar

81. D. Herranz, R. Guerrero, R. Villar, F. G. Aliev, A. C. Swaving, R. A. Duine, C. van Haesendonck, and I. Vavra, Phys. Rev. B 79, 134423 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

82. H.-W. Lee and H. Yang, J. Magn. 16, 92 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

83. A. V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, A. Tsvetkov, R. V. Pisarev, and T. Rasing, Nature 429, 850 (2004). CrossRef Google Scholar

84. A. V. Kimel, B. A. Ivanov, R. V. Pisarev, P. A. Usachev, A. Kirilyuk, and T. Rasing, Nature Phys. 5, 727 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

85. Y. Xu, S. Wang, and K. Xia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 226602 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

86. A. N. Slavin and V. S. Tiberkevich, Phys. Rev. B 72, 094428 (2005). CrossRef Google Scholar

87. A. Slavin and P. Kabos, in Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Asia (2005), p. 5. Google Scholar

88. A. C. Swaving and R. A. Duine, Phys. Rev. B 83, 054428 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

89. A. C. Swaving and R. A. Duine, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24, 024223 (2012). Google Scholar

90. R. Cheng and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. B 86, 245118 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

91. K. M. D. Hals and A. Brataas, Phys. Rev. B 87, 174409 (2013). CrossRef Google Scholar

92. A. Manchon, N. Ryzhanova, A. Vedyayev, and B. Dieny, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 07A721 (2008). Scitation Google Scholar

93. Y. Gulyaev, P. Zilberman, V. Kotov, G. Mikhailov, S. Chigarev, and E. Epshtein, J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 57, 813 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

94. Y. Ando, A. N. Lavrov, and S. Komiya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 247003 (2003). CrossRef Google Scholar

95. D. Alders, L. H. Tjeng, F. C. Voogt, T. Hibma, G. A. Sawatzky, C. T. Chen, J. Vogel, M. Sacchi, and S. Iacobucci, Phys. Rev. B 57, 11623 (1998). CrossRef Google Scholar

96. D. Alders, J. Vogei, C. Levelut, S. D. Peacor, T. Hibma, M. Sacchi, L. H. Tjeng, C. T. Chen, G. V. D. Laan, B. T. Thole, and G. A. Sawatzky, Europhys. Lett. 32, 259 (1995). CrossRef Google Scholar

97. A. N. Lavrov, S. Komiya, and Y. Ando, Nature 418, 385 (2002). CrossRef Google Scholar

98. N. B. Weber, H. Ohldag, H. Gomonaj, and F. U. Hillebrecht, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 237205 (2003). CrossRef Google Scholar

99. F. U. Hillebrecht, H. Ohldag, N. B. Weber, C. Bethke, U. Mick, M. Weiss, and J. Bahrdt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3419 (2001). CrossRef Google Scholar

100. Z. Wei, J. Basset, A. Sharma, J. Bass, and M. Tsoi, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 07D108 (2009). Scitation Google Scholar

101. L. Wang, S. G. Wang, S. Rizwan, Q. H. Qin, and X. F. Han, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 152512 (2009). CrossRef Google Scholar

102. K. J. Lee, T. Nguyen, and K.-H. Shin, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 304, 102 (2006). Google Scholar

103. J. Hayakawa, H. Takahashi, K. Ito, M. Fujimori, S. Heike, T. Hashizume, M. Ichimura, S. Ikeda, and H. Ohno, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 114321 (2005). CrossRef Google Scholar

104. J. Qing Xu and G. Jin, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 23, 296004 (2011). Google Scholar

105. J. Guo, M. Jalil, and S. Ghee, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 115304 (2011). Google Scholar

106. R. Cheng and Q. Niu, e-print arXiv:1304.1284. CrossRef Google Scholar

107. A. A. Kovalev, G. E. W. Bauer, and A. Brataas, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3878 (2006). CrossRef Google Scholar

108. A. A. Kovalev, G. E. W. Bauer, and A. Brataas, Phys. Rev. B 75, 014430 (2007). CrossRef Google Scholar

109. A. A. Kovalev, L. P. Zarbo, Y. Tserkovnyak, G. E. W. Bauer, and J. Sinova, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 036401 (2008). CrossRef Google Scholar

110. H. Gomonay and V. Loktev, Condens. Matter Phys. 15, 43703 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

111. H. Gomonay and V. Loktev, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 216, 117 (2013). CrossRef Google Scholar

112. A. P. Wijnheijmer, X. Martí, V. Holý, M. Cukr, V. Novák, T. Jungwirth, and P. M. Koenraad, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 112107 (2012). CrossRef Google Scholar

113. Y. Na, C. Wang, L. Chu, L. Ding, J. Yan, Y. Xue, W. Xie, and X. Chen, Mater. Lett. 65, 3447 (2011). CrossRef Google Scholar

114. M. Hadano, A. Ozawa, K. Takenaka, N. Kaneko, T. Oe, and C. Urano, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E120 (2012). Scitation Google Scholar