Abstract

The mostly substantial manifestations of the effect of He II superfluidity on the processes of condensation of impurities embedded into the liquid have been analyzed. Particular attention is given to the recently found phenomenon of catalysis of impurities coalescence by the quantized vortices appeared in superfluid helium. The presence of quantized vortices not only tremendously accelerates the condensation process for any substance introduced into liquid helium but it also gives rise to a completely new product — long and thin nanowires instead of balls. It is found that the local overheating, accompanying the coalescence of particles inside the superfluid helium, is of great importance in the formation of morphology and structure of impurity–helium condensates, including molecular crystals containing stabilized active atoms.

PACS: 67.25.dk Vortices and turbulence;
PACS: 67.90.+z Other topics in quantum fluids and solids.

Key words: impurity-helium condensates, superfluidity and quantized vortices.